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【SourceCode】 k means DL : 0: km2.m是matlab程序，test.txt是数据源
Update : 2010-09-25 Size : 920 Publisher : heatingequ@163.com
【Algorithm】 hyplas DL : 11: ************************************************************************ * * * * * THIS IS THE H Y P L A S 2.0 README FILE * * ----------------- * * * * HYPLAS is a finite element program for implicit small and large * * strain analisys of hyperelastic and elasto-plastic two-dimensional * * and axisymmetric solids * * * * HYPLAS v2.0 is the companion software to the textbook: * * EA de Souza Neto, D Peric & DRJ Owen. Computational Methods for * * Plasticity: Theory and Applications. Wiley, Chichester, 2008. * * (www.wiley.com/go/desouzaneto) * * * * Copyright (c) 1998-2008 EA de Souza Neto, D Peric, D.R.J. Owen * *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * File last updated: 18 October 2008 * * * * This file belongs in the directory ../HYPLAS_v2.0 * ************************************************************************ * * * I M P O R T A N T * * * * READ SECTIONS 0 TO 3 OF THIS FILE CAREFULLY BEFORE ATTEMPTING * * TO COMPILE AND RUN THE PROGRAM HYPLAS ON YOUR COMPUTER !! * * * * THE AUTHORS DO NOT GUARANTEE THAT ANY SUGGESTIONS/INSTRUCTIONS * * GIVEN IN THIS README FILE WILL WORK ON ANY PARTICULAR OPERATING * * SYSTEM. IF YOU DECIDE TO FOLLOW ANY SUGGESTIONS/INSTRUCTIONS * * GIVEN HERE YOU MUST DO SO AT YOUR OWN RISK. * * * * * * BUG REPORTS: Please send bug reports to * * * * hyplas_v2.0@live.co.uk * * * * Messages sent to the authors' personal email addresses * * will NOT be answered. * ************************************************************************ This file contains the following sections: 0. Copyright statement and disclaimer 0.(a) Copyright statement 0.(b) Disclaimer 0.(c) Conditions of use 1. Introduction 1.(a) Note on portability 2. Compiling and running HYPLAS 2.(a) Memory requirements 2.(b) Testing a newly compiled executable 3. The HYPLAS directory tree 4. Cross-referencing between the source code and the textbook 5. HYPLAS error messaging 6. Further remarks on HYPLAS ************************************************************************ 0. COPYRIGHT STATEMENT AND DISCLAIMER ================================== 0.(a) Copyright statement ------------------- You may only use this program for your own private purposes. You are not allowed, in any circumstances, to distribute this program (including its source code, executable and any other files related to it, either in their original version or any modifications introduced by you, the authors or any other party) in whole or in part, either freely or otherwise, in any medium, without the prior written consent of the copyright holders. 0.(b) Disclaimer ---------- This program (including its source code, executable and any other files related to it) is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranties of fitness for purpose. In particular, THIS PROGRAM IS BY NO MEANS GUARANTEED TO BE FREE FROM ERRORS. This program (or any modification incorporated to it by you, the authors or any other party) will run entirely at your risk. The results produced by this program are in no way guaranteed to be fit for any purpose. Under no circumstances will the authors/copyright holders be liable to anyone for damages, including any general, special, incidental or consequential damages arising from the use or inability to use the program (including, but not limited to, loss or corruption of data, failure of the program to operate in any particular way as well as damages arising from the use of any results produced by the program for any purpose). 0.(c) Conditions of use ----------------- You may only use this program if you fully understand and agree with the terms of the above disclaimer. You must not use this program if you do not agree with or do not understand (fully or in part) these conditions of use. 1. INTRODUCTION ============ HYPLAS is a finite element code for small and large strain analysis of hyperelastic and elasto-plastic solids. Most procedures implemented in HYPLAS are described in detail in its companion textbook: EA de Souza Neto, D Peric & DRJ Owen. Computational Methods for Plasticity: Theory and Applications. Wiley, Chichester, 2008 (www.wiley.com/go/desouzaneto). 1.(a) Note on Portability ------------------- HYPLAS has been written in standard ANSI FORTRAN 77. Currently, the only known (and deliberate) exceptions to the FORTRAN 77 ANSI standard are the instructions: INCLUDE '' used in many routines to include the HYPLAS database files (common blocks and global variables), and; CALL GETENV('HYPLASHOME',HYPLASHOME) used in subroutine "ERRPRT" (file ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/GENERAL/errprt.f). This instruction inquires the name of the system environment variable HYPLASHOME and writes it on the character string HYPLASHOME. This instruction is NOT part of the ANSI FORTRAN 77 standard, but seems to work in most currently available FORTRAN 77 compilers. 2. COMPILING AND RUNNING H Y P L A S ================================== The HYPLAS source code is stored in directory ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/ (../HYPLAS_v2.0/ being the current directory) and all its subdirectories. To generate an executable file, you just need to compile the FORTRAN source files: ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/hyplas.f and ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/*/*.f together. We recommend that the executable HYPLAS be stored in the directory ../HYPLAS_v2.0/bin to which the environment variable HYPLASHOME should be set (see below how to set a system environmental variable). WINDOWS (R) systems ------------------- On Microsoft Windows(R) systems, HYPLAS has been successfully compiled using Intel Visual Fortran Compiler(R) integrated with Microsoft Visual Studio(R). Here you only need to create a project that contains all Fortran source files mentioned above as well as the include files ..\HYPLAS_v2.0\src\*.INC On a Windows XP system, the system environment variable HYPLASHOME can be set as follows: 1. Open a File Manager 2. Right-click on the "My Computer" icon 3. Select "Properties" on the drop-down menu 4. A new window named "System Properties" will pop-up. Here select the "Advanced" tab. 5. On the "Advanced" tab, click the "Environment Variables" button. 6. A new window titled "Environment Variables" will pop-up. Here click the button "New" in the "System Variables" section of the window. 7. A new window will pop-up titled "New System Variable". Here you should fill the fields "Variable name" and "Variable Value", respectively, with HYPLASHOME and the path name (in full) of the directory ..\HYPLAS_v2.0\bin. 8. Press "OK" on the relevant pop-up windows. 9. The next time the computer is REBOOTED, this variable will be set to the correct path and HYPLAS should be able to find the error messages file ERROR.RUN if required. UNIX/LINUX systems ------------------ In a UNIX/LINUX operating system using a C-shell, for instance, the HYPLASHOME environment variable should be set with the command: setenv HYPLASHOME where here denotes the full path to the directory ../HYPLAS_v2.0/bin. To compile HYPLAS (from directory ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src) with a FORTRAN 77 compiler such as g77, you can use the command: g77 -o ../bin/hyplas hyplas.f */*.f Note that the executable file "hyplas" will be stored in the directory ../HYPLAS_2.0/bin (i.e. the directory set in the HYPLASHOME environment variable). Alternatively, you may use the Makefile provided (with suitable modifications, if needed) to create the HYPLAS executable. IMPORTANT: Before generating a HYPLAS executable, read Sections 2.(a) and 2.(b) below. 2.(a) Memory Requirements ------------------- HYPLAS memory requirements depend on the array dimensioning parameters set in files: ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/ ELEMENTS.INC GLBDBASE.INC MATERIAL.INC MAXDIM.INC Files ELEMENTS.INC, GLBDBASE.INC and MATERIAL.INC contain parameters which are associated with the currently implemented finite elements and materials. DO NOT MODIFY THEM ! unless you are absolutely sure of what you are doing (only developers coding new elements or new material models/analysis types may need to modify them by changing the existing dimensioning parameters and/or including new parameters). The ONLY dimensioning file that can be safely modified by the average user is the file MAXDIM.INC This file contains the array dimensioning parameters related to the maximum permissible dimension of problems to be analysed by HYPLAS. These parameters include the maximum number of nodes, elements, element groups, etc. If necessary, CHANGE THESE PARAMETERS TO SUIT YOUR PROBLEM SIZE/MEMORY REQUIREMENTS before compiling HYPLAS. 2.(b) Testing a newly compiled executable ----------------------------------- After you have successfully compiled the HYPLAS source code and created an executable file, the next step is to run some tests to verify that HYPLAS is working well. To do this, proceed as follows: The directory ../HYPLAS_v2.0/book_examples/data_files contains a series of data files named .dat of benchmarked examples described in the companion textbook. The corresponding (benchmarked) result files are in the directory ../HYPLAS_v2.0/book_examples/result_files This directory contains a series of result files named .res generated with the current version of HYPLAS on a tested platform. All these files have been named such that their names start with the textbook section number where the corresponding example is described. For instance, files 14_9_2_tresca.dat and 14_9_2_tresca.res refer to a problem described in section 14.9.2 of the textbook, and so on. To check that HYPLAS is working well on your platform, after compiling HYPLAS, run the program HYPLAS for the examples of files .dat and compare the newly generated results .res with their benchmarked counterparts (of the same filename) in the result_files directory. To run an example, execute HYPLAS and use the keyboard to enter the name of the corresponding data file in full (including the extension .dat). To compare the benchmarked .res files against their newly generated you may proceed as follows: 1. On MICROSOFT WINDOWS systems - Here we have successfully used the software "ExamDiff" (the task was made particularly easy by selecting "View" and then the "Show Differences Only" option - this refers to version 1.8 of this software). 2. On UNIX/LINUX systems - Here we use the "diff" command from a shell window (and set the option to ignore blank spaces). A shell script may be used to perform this task automatically (including running HYPLAS and checking for result file differences) for all benchmarked examples provided. IMPORTANT: THE ONLY ACCEPTABLE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A THE NEWLY GENERATED RESULT FILES AND THEIR BENCHMARKED COUNTERPARTS ARE THE DIMENSIONING PARAMETERS (FROM FILE MAXDIM.INC) USED TO COMPILE THE NEW EXECUTABLE (THESE PARAMETERS ARE PRINTED RIGHT AT THE BEGINNING OF THE RESULT FILES) AND NUMERICAL DIFFERENCES IN RESULTS DUE TO NUMERICAL "ROUNDING-OFF" (THESE ARE VERY SMALL DIFFERENCES THAT DEPEND ON THE PRECISION OF ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS IN THE PLATFORM USED). ALSO NOTE THAT THE EXAMPLES OF THE COMPANION TEXTBOOK DO NOT COVER ALL FEATURES OF HYPLAS. HENCE THIS TEST DOES NOT GUARANTEE THAT EVERYTHING IS WORKING PROPERLY. 3. THE H Y P L A S DIRECTORY TREE ================================ 3.(a) Summary ------- ../ HYPLAS_v2.0/ bin/ book_examples/ data_files/ result_files/ man/ html/ src/ CRYSTAL/ DAMAGE/ DAMAGED_ELASTIC/ DRUCKER_PRAGER/ ELASTIC/ ELEMENTS/ GENERAL/ MATERIALS/ MATHS/ MOHR_COULOMB/ OGDEN/ TRESCA/ VON_MISES/ VON_MISES_MIXED/ 3.(b) Description ----------- The HYPLAS program directory tree is organised as follows: ../HYPLAS_v2.0/ (this directory) This is the HYPLAS root directory, where the HYPLAS directory tree starts. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/bin/ This directory contains the file ERROR.RUN where most HYPLAS error/warning messages are. IMPORTANT: the environment variable HYPLASHOME should be set to this directory. Otherwise, HYPLAS will not find its error/warning messages when required. We also recommend that the EXECUTABLE of HYPLAS be stored in this directory. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/book_examples/ This directory has the following subdirectories: ../HYPLAS_v2.0/book_examples/data_files ../HYPLAS_v2.0/book_examples/result_files Refer to Section 2.(b) above for further details. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/man/ This is the HYPLAS documentation/manuals directory. It contains the following files: input_man.txt - A concise input data manual for HYPLAS in ASCII format; hyplas_calltree.txt - Contains a flowgraph (shows the call tree) of HYPLAS in ASCII-format. Note: calls to function subprograms are not included in this flowgraph; and the subdirectory: ../HYPLAS_v2.0/man/html This directory contains the hypertext (HTML) format Fortran source code and of manual pages of the entire HYPLAS program. Manual pages with descriptions of each function/subprogram including their argument list are linked to their corresponding HTML-format source code. This allows the user the navigate through the HYPLAS source code using a web browser. To start at the main program, use your web browser to open the file hyplas.html. This facility should be helpful to those trying to understand the flow of program HYPLAS. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/ This directory (and its subdirectories) contains the Fortran source code of HYPLAS. The files containing the sources are named following the standard practice: .f where is the name of the FORTRAN procedure (subroutine, function subprogram, etc.) whose source code is in file .f. The source code of the HYPLAS main program is in file hyplas.f and the HYPLAS database (COMMON blocks, array dimensioning parameters and other global parameters) is coded in the "include files" ELEMENTS.INC GLDBASE.INC MATERIAL.INC MAXDIM.INC in this directory. In addition, this directory contains a file named "Makefile" (UNIX-LINUX Release only) which may be used for compiling and linking HYPLAS in UNIX/LINUX systems. The subdirectories of ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src are as follows: ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/CRYSTAL Contains the source code of all procedures related to the finite strain single crystal plasticity model implemented in HYPLAS. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/DAMAGE Source files of the procedures related to the Lemaitre ductile damage model implementation. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/DAMAGED_ELASTIC Source files of the procedures related to the damaged elasticity model with crack closure effect. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/DRUCKER_PRAGER Source files of the procedures related to the implemented Drucker-Prager plasticity model. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/ELASTIC Source files of the procedures related to the linear elasticity model (Hencky model under large strains) implemented. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/ELEMENTS Source files of the element interfaces and element-related procedures. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/GENERAL Source files of general procedures. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/MATERIALS Source files of the material interfaces. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/MATHS Source files of the mathematical procedures. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/MOHR_COULOMB Source files of the procedures related to the implemented Mohr-Coulomb plasticity model. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/OGDEN Source files of the procedures related to the implemented Ogden hyperelasticity model. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/TRESCA Source files of the procedures related to the implemented Tresca plasticity model. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/VON_MISES Source files of the procedures related to the implemented von Mises plasticity model with isotropic hardening. ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/VON_MISES_MIXED Source files of the procedures related to the implemented von Mises plasticity model with mixed isotropic/kinematic hardening. 4. CROSS-REFERENCING BETWEEN THE SOURCE CODE AND THE TEXTBOOK ========================================================== Many references are made in the textbook to various subprograms of HYPLAS. These are usually made when a particular procedure described in the text is implemented in the program. The reader should refer to the textbook index. Also, a substantial number of comment lines have been added to the source code of HYPLAS with reference to sections, figures, boxes, etc of the textbook related to the part of the code in question. Such references are usually displayed after the word "REFERENCE:" (in capitals) on commented lines. Searching for this word will take you to the line of code where the particular routine has a reference to the textbook. NOTE: Occasional references to other textbooks/journal papers are also made following the word "REFERENCE:" on commented lines. 5. HYPLAS ERROR MESSAGING ====================== Most error/warning messages issued by HYPLAS are in the ASCII-format file ERROR.RUN (kept in the HYPLASHOME directory - ../HYPLAS_v2.0/bin). All such error/warning messages have an identification code (e.g. ED0015) which is printed both to the standard output (this is usually the computer screen) and to the relevant results file. If you wish to find where in the source code a particular message is being issued, then perform a search for the corresponding message identification code in the entire source code of HYPLAS. 6. FURTHER REMARKS ON HYPLAS ========================= 6.(a) Program efficiency THIS SECTION IS OF INTEREST ONLY TO THOSE WANTING TO MAKE HYPLAS RUN FASTER. It is particularly stressed in the textbook that this program has not been designed having efficiency in mind (refer to Section 5.1.2 of the textbook). Its structure has been designed mainly to illustrate in a relatively clear manner the computer implementation of the techniques and algorithms described in the text, with a particular view to the implementation of solid constitutive models and finite elements. For those who are especially interested in the speed of the code, there are a few tips that could help in this direction. Unfortunately, these involve modifications to the source code which is probably most appropriate to readers with a good level of experience in finite element programming. To those with this particular interest, we can suggest the following: (i) The use of faster linear solvers This is probably the change that would result in a greater gain in efficiency. The Frontal Method adopted in subroutine FRONT (file ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/GENERAL/front.f) has been designed originally to save memory (back in the days when computer memory was severely limited). There are currently a vast number of methodologies which focus on speeding up the linear solution, in addition to reducing memory storage requirements (which is a particularly important issue in the solution of large scale problems). Some of these are extensions/refinements of the original Frontal solver. We remark that a number of such procedures (with their respective source codes) are available (conditions may apply) from the LAPACK (Linear Algebra PACKage - http://www.netlib.org/lapack) repository or from the HSL Library (http://www.cse.cse.scitech.ac.uk/nag/hsl). For the reader interested in gaining speed, we would recommend the replacement of the existing solver of FRONT by a faster one. We remark though that this is a substantial programming task. Another aspect here is the fact that computing times in FRONT are directly linked to the frontwidth of the system which, in the present version of HYPLAS is fixed and depends, for a given mesh, on how the degrees of freedom are numbered (node numbering). The incorporation of a frontwidth optimiser (which re-numbers the degrees of freedom in order to minimise the frontwidth) in FRONT could produce some good savings in computing times. Such savings become particularly noticeable in larger problems where the original node numbering produces an excessively large frontwidth. (ii) Material-specific computations The issues pointed out here affect only the computing times for specific material models and are expected to have a much lower impact in overall speed than the linear solver issue discussed above. Some of the material model-specific computations carried out in HYPLAS could be made a bit faster. For example, for isotropic models whose stress update is carried out in the principal stress space (such as the Tresca and Mohr-Coulomb models - see routines SUTR and SUMC, files ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/TRESCA/sutr.f and ../HYPLAS_v2.0/MOHR_COULOMB/sumc.f, respectively) the spectral decomposition of the stress in carried out in the state update update routine and then repeated in the corresponding routine for computation of the consistent tangent operator (refer to files ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/TRESCA/cttr.f and ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/MOHR_COULOMB/ctmc.f, respectively, for the Tresca and Mohr-Coulomb plasticity models). Some savings in computing time can be achieved here by storing the stress eigenprojection tensors (these can be stored as state variables) during the execution of the state updating and then retrieving them later for use in the computation of the consistent tangent operator. This change can be incorporated to the code relatively easily. The computation of the exponential map and is derivative for the single crystal plasticity model (routines EXPMAP, file ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/CRYSTAL/expmap.f and DEXPMP, file ../HYPLAS_v2.0/src/CRYSTAL/dexpmp.f) is carried out in three dimensions (these routines have been adapted from an earlier three-dimensional code). To improve efficiency, these can be adapted to work only in two-dimensional problems by removing the unnecessary operations related to the third dimension. 6.(b) Output of nodal averaged values The reader should be aware that the way in which nodal averaged values of stresses and other variables are calculated in HYPLAS is very basic (and rudimentary). This feature of the program is made available only to help those interested in producing contour plots, etc from results presented in HYPLAS result files and should be useful in many circumstances of interest. This facility has in fact been used in producing many of the figures presented in the textbook. But note, for example, that the values of incremental plastic multipliers for plasticity models may take (inadmissible) negative values when extrapolated from Gauss-point to nodes and averaged. We remark that more sophisticated and refined techniques of transferring Gauss point values of variables to nodal points and obtaining the corresponding smoothed field are available in the current literature. These fall outside the scope of the companion textbook of HYPLAS.
Update : 2011-07-29 Size : 11008084 Publisher : gtcewli3
【Documents】关于linux下文件编译的方法 DL : 0: 摘要：本文主要阐述了关于linux下文件编译的方法以及vim编辑器的配置，并介绍了linux下热门开发工具。关键词： vim配置与使用；linux文件编译；linux下热门开发工具引言： 1.一般拿到新的服务器都需要自己配置一下vim的环境，要不觉得总是不是很顺手。本文介绍了vim的基本配置以及一些个性化配置，用户可根据自己喜好及习惯自由配置；2.介绍了Linux文本编译的常用编译命令选项和多源文件编译方法,使读者对linux下文件编译有一个直观的了解；3.介绍了常用linux下开发工具，新手可参考使用;4.实验总结。一． VIM的配置与使用 1. 基本设置 set nocp：该命令指定让 VIM 工作在不兼容模式下。在VIM之前，出现过一个非常流行的编辑器vi。VIM 许多操作与 vi 很相似，但也有许多操作与 vi 是不一样的。如果使用“:set cp”命令打开了兼容模式开关的话， VIM 将尽可能地模仿 vi 的操作模式。例如：VIM里允许在 Insert 模式下使用方向键移动光标，而vi里在Insert 模式下是不能移动光标的，必须使用 ESC退回到 Normal 模式下才行。再举一个例子，vi 里使用 u 命令可以撤消一次先前的操作，再次按下u时，将撤消“撤消”这个动作本身，也就是我们常说的“重复”(redo)。而VIM里可以使用u命令撤消多步操作，“重复”使用的快捷键是 Ctrl+ R。使用兼容模式后。VIM将放弃这些新的功能，尽量模仿vi的各种操作方式。只有在不兼容模式下，才能更好地发挥 VIM 自身的特点。 set ru：该命令打开VIM的状态栏标尺。默认情况下，VIM的状态栏标尺在屏幕底部，它能即时显示当前光标所在位置在文件中的行号、列号，以及对应的整个文件的百分比。打开标尺可以给文件的编辑工作带来一定方便。 set hls：搜索时高亮显示被找到的文本。 set is：搜索时在未完全输入完毕要检索的文本时就开始检索。 syntax on：打开关键字色。 set backspace=indent,eol,start 设想这样一个情况：当前光标前面有若干字母，按下i键进入了Insert模式，然后输入了3个字母，再按5下删除(Backspace)。默认情况下，VIM仅能删除新输入的 3 个字母，然后喇叭“嘟嘟”响两声。如果“set backspace=start”，则可以在删除了新输入的3个字母之后，继续向前删除原有的两个字符。再设想一个情况：有若干行文字，把光标移到中间某一行的行首，按i键进入Insert模式，然后按一下Backspace。默认情况下，喇叭会“嘟”一声，然后没有任何动静。如果“set backspace=eol”，则可以删除前一行行末的回车，也就是说将两行拼接起来。当设置了自动缩进后，如果前一行缩进了一定距离，按下回车后，下一行也会保持相同的缩进。默认情况下，不能在 Insert 模式下直接按Backspace删除行首的缩进。如果“set backspace=indent”，则可以开启这一项功能。上述三项功能，可以选择其中一种或几种，用逗号分隔各个选项。 set whichwrap=b,s,,[,] 默认情况下，在VIM中当光标移到一行最左边的时候，继续按左键，光标不能回到上一行的最右边。同样地，光标到了一行最右边的时候，不能通过继续按右跳到下一行的最左边。但是，通过设置 whichwrap 可以对一部分按键开启这项功能。如果想对某一个或几个按键开启到头后自动折向下一行的功能，可以把需要开启的键的代号写到 whichwrap 的参数列表中，各个键之间使用逗号分隔。以下是 whichwrap 支持的按键名称列表： b 在 Normal 或 Visual 模式下按删除(Backspace)键。 s 在 Normal 或 Visual 模式下按空格键。 h 在 Normal 或 Visual 模式下按 h 键。 l 在 Normal 或 Visual 模式下按 l 键。 > 在 Normal 或 Visual 模式下按右方向键。 ~ 在 Normal 模式下按 ~ 键(翻转当前字母大小写)。 [ 在 Insert 或 Replace 模式下按左方向键。 ] 在 Insert 或 Replace 模式下按右方向键。 2. 文本编辑设置 set sw=4：自动缩进的时候，缩进尺寸为 4 个空格。 set ts=4：Tab 宽度为 4 个字符。 set et：编辑时将所有 Tab 替换为空格。该选项只在编辑时将 Tab 替换为空格，如果打开一个已经存在的文件，并不会将已有的Tab 替换为空格。如果希望进行这样的替换的话，可以使用这条命令“:retab”。 3. 断行设置 set lbr:不在单词中间断行。设置了这个选项后,如果一行文字非常长,无法在一行内显示完的话,它会在单词与单词间的空白处断开，尽量不会把一个单词分成两截放在两个不同的行里。 set fo+=mB：打开断行模块对亚洲语言支持。m表示允许在两个汉字之间断行，即使汉字之间没有出现空格。B表示将两行合并为一行的时候，汉字与汉字之间不要补空格。该命令支持的更多的选项请参看用户手册。二． Linux文件编译 1. 常用编译命令选项假设源程序文件名为test.c。（1）.无选项编译链接用法：#gcc test.c 作用：将test.c预处理、汇编、编译并链接形成可执行文件。这里未指定输出文件，默认输出为a.out。（2）. 选项 –o 用法：#gcc test.c -o test 作用：将test.c预处理、汇编、编译并链接形成可执行文件test。-o选项用来指定输出文件的文件名。（3）. 选项 –E 用法：#gcc -E test.c -o test.i 作用：将test.c预处理输出test.i文件。（4）. 选项 –S 用法：#gcc -S test.i 作用：将预处理输出文件test.i汇编成test.s文件。（5）. 选项 –c 用法：#gcc -c test.s 作用：将汇编输出文件test.s编译输出test.o文件。（6）. 无选项链接用法：#gcc test.o -o test 作用：将编译输出文件test.o链接成最终可执行文件test。（7）. 选项-O 用法：#gcc -O1 test.c -o test 作用：使用编译优化级别1编译程序。级别为1~3，级别越大优化效果越好，但编译时间越长。 2. 多源文件的编译方法如果有多个源文件，基本上有两种编译方法： [假设有两个源文件为test.c和testfun.c] （1）.多个文件一起编译用法：#gcc testfun.c test.c -o test 作用：将testfun.c和test.c分别编译后链接成test可执行文件。（2）.分别编译各个源文件，之后对编译后输出的目标文件链接。用法：#gcc -c testfun.c //将testfun.c编译成testfun.o #gcc -c test.c //将test.c编译成test.o #gcc -o testfun.o test.o -o test //将testfun.o和test.o链接成test 以上两种方法相比较，第一中方法编译时需要所有文件重新编译，而第二种方法可以只重新编译修改的文件，未修改的文件不用重新编译。（3）. 如果要编译的文件都在同一个目录下，可以用通配符gcc *.c -o 来进行编译。三． Linux下的热门开发工具 1、Bluefish Bluefish是进行Web开发时最受欢迎的IDE之一。它能够处理编程和标记语言，但是该工具的重点用途在于创建动态和交互式网站。和许多Linux应用程序一样，Bluefish是一个轻量级工具，运行速度非常快，它所占据的资源只有同类工具的30%到40%。Bluefish可以一次打开多个文档(最高可打开3500个文档)。它包含项目支持、远程文件支持、搜索和替换(包括正则表达式)，无限撤消/重做、多语言定制语法高亮、窗口反斜线文本和多编码支持等功能。 Bluefish最漂亮的功能之一是用户定义工具栏Quickba，它可以让你通过“右键点击并选择增加到Quickbar”的方式来增加按钮。你可以增加任意HTML工具栏按钮到Quickbar上。Bluefish还有许多操作简化工具，可以帮助你增加不同元素到你的代码中。需要一个DHTML自动提交选择框?简单。从DHTML下拉列表中选择“自动提交选择框(Auto-submit Select Box )”，然后填充必要的条目，就可以增加该元素到你的代码中。Bluefish有针对C、Apache、DHTML、DocBook、HTML、PHP+HTML和SQL的智能向导。如果是手动开发自己的网站，你应该选择使用Bluefish这个工具。该工具主页：http://bluefish.openoffice.nl/ 2、Anjuta Anjuta是一个免费的开源C和C++开发工具。它的安装非常简单(在Mandriva上使用urpmi anjuta命令)，提供项目管理、应用程序向导、交互式调试器、一个强大的源代码编辑器(支持源浏览、代码完成和语法高亮功能)。Anjuta团队开发的这个强大IDE非常易于使用，而且可以满足你的C和C++编程需求。 Anjuta具有一个灵活而强大的用户界面，让你可以在布局界面中拖拽工具来安排图形用户界面，使其与你希望的设计最接近。而且每一个用户配置的布局对一个项目来说是可以持续生存的(因此你可以为每一个项目使用不同的布局)。Anjuta还具有一个强大的插件系统，通过它你可以选择激活或关闭哪一个插件。而且与所有开源项目一样，你可以为Anjuta开发满足你自己需求的插件。在Anjuta应用程序中最大的工具之一是项目管理器。这个工具几乎可以打开任何基于automake/autoconf的项目。这个项目管理器不会增加任何基于Anjuta的信息到这个项目中，因此在Anjuta之外，你的项目同样可以被维护和开发。该工具的主页：http://anjuta.sourceforge.net/ 3、Glade Glade是一个GNOME桌面环境下用于开发GTK+的RAD(迅速应用开发)工具。它的界面与GIMP非常类似，可以被用户进行定制化，甚至可以被嵌入到Anjuta中。 Glade包含许多界面创建控件，诸如文本框、对话标签、数字输入框和菜单等，让你可以更快速的开发界面。界面设计以XML格式存储，从而让这些设计可以被轻松的应用于外部工具中。安装Glade的过程非常简单。举例来说，如果你使用Fedora操作系统，你可以使用命令“yum install glade3”来启动安装。Glade不像Anjuta一样具有一个强大的项目管理器，但是你可以在Glade中创建、编辑和保存项目。该工具的主页：http://glade.gnome.org/ 四．实验总结通过对VIM编译器与Linux编程的学习，初步了解使用Linux进行文件编译，对VIM也有了基本的了解。实验中遇到问题能通过与同学讨论或上网查阅基本解决。这次实验使我体会到了Linux的深奥，使我对Linux产生了浓厚的兴趣，虽然现在不能做到对Linux相当熟悉，但以后一定会努力对Linux进一步了解。参考文献中国网管联盟 www.bitsCN.com Linux 开发环境必备十大开发工具 2009 雨林木风系统门户 www.ylmf.net Linux文件编译方法及Linux多文件
Update : 2011-11-15 Size : 10923 Publisher : 415181654@qq.com
【Windows Develop】约瑟夫演示 DL : 0: 编号为1，2，…,n的n个人按顺时针方向围坐一圈，每人持有一个密码（正整数），一开始人选一个正整数作为报数上限m,从第一个人开始按顺时针方向从自1开始顺序报数，报道m时停止报数。报m的人出列，将他的密码作为新的m值，从他的顺时针方向上的下一个人开始重新从1报数，如此下去，直至所有人全部出列为止，设计一个程序求出出列顺序。采用单向循环链表模拟此过程，按照出列的顺序印出各人的编号测试数据：m的初值为20；n=7,7个人的密码依次为：3，1，7，2，4，8，4，首先m的值为6（正确的出列顺序应为6,1,4,7,2,3,5）-No. 1, 2, ..., n n clockwise direction by individuals sitting around a circle, each holding a password (positive integers), a candidate started as a positive integers m ceiling on the number of reported from the first individuals to embark on the clockwise direction from the start sequence from a few newspaper reports m reportedly stopped a few. M reported out of the list of his password as a new value m, from the clockwise direction on the next re-started from a few reported so on, until all out all out, the design of a procedure sought out the order out. Listless one-cycle simulation process and follow the sequence shown in the numbers printed each test data : m for the initial 20; N = 7,7 personal passwords were : 3,1,7,2,4,8,4, first the value of m 6 (right to be out of order out 6,1,4
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 1024 Publisher : 弄月
【JSP/Java】 random-exam DL : 0: 通子的考试系统本程序版权属于通子程序功能： 1。考生可以选择科目进行考试 2. 考过科目不再重新登陆考试 2。考题时随机的，避免考生之间互相抄袭。 3。考题为五题，设定30秒后自动提交 4。提交后可以直接得到你的成绩，并知道你是否通过了考试了 5. 可以了解你的成绩与总成绩的对比程序优缺点： 1。未使用javaBean技术。 2。使用的是声明语句在Conn.jsp，功能是进行数据库连接； 3。使用html处理的不好，页面不甚美观。 4。未采用MVC，M(mode-database)，V(view-jsp)，C（controller-servlet）. 程序流程：进入考生 —— 登录界面 ——进入——测试——提交——成绩 login.jsp —— test.jsp —— score.jsp test.mdb test.mdb test.mdb 抱歉：由于时间不足,未能把java(2)班全体同学的信息全部添加到数据库中。附： java（2）班全体同学信息打包在里面了，有意者可以添加。希望对此程序作改进的有我联系。我的QQ：120244312 E-Mail：zuotongyousai@163.com- 1 2. 2 330 4 5. 1javaBean 2Conn.jsp 3html 4MVCM(mode-database)V(view-jsp)Ccontroller-servlet. login.jsp test.jsp score.jsp test.mdb test.mdb test.mdb ,java(2)
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 73728 Publisher : 左达
【Program doc】数字视频图像传输系统实现中几个问题的研究 DL : 0: MATLAB程序的仿真比较。随后，针对QPsK，详细讨论了其基本原理和具体的实现算法，并进行了仿真验证，然后选用HSP502巧数字上变频芯片和HSP50214B数字下变频芯片，设计了数字调制、解调器的实现方案。最后，作为对整个数字视频图像传输系统的宏观认识，利用M户JLAB中的实时建模仿真Simullnk库对典型的视频图像传输系统一数字视频广播系统(D vB)，进行了建模、仿真和初步的分析，结果表明:在高斯白噪声的传输环境下，系统采取的一系列抗干扰措施，包括内、外码级联的信道纠错编码和先进的调制技术(o FDM)等，保证了信源信息传输的有效进行。-MATLAB simulation comparison. Then, against QPsK to discuss in detail the basic principles and specific algorithm, a simulation test, and then choose the cleverest HSP502 figures HSP50214B frequency chips and digital down conversion chips, the design of digital modulation, demodulation for the realization of the program.MJLABSimullnk(D vB):Andean white noise transmission environment, the system adopted a series of anti-jamming measures, including internal and external codes Cascade Channel advanced error correction coding and modulation techniques (o FDM), ensuring a source of information for the effective transmission.
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 8597504 Publisher : lzy
【OS program】 fenshutongji DL : 0: 该文件是关于运动会分数统计的程序。问题描述：参加运动会的有n个学校编号为1-----n。比赛分成m个男子项目和w个女子项目，项目编号分别为1---m和m+1---m+w。由于各项目参加人数差别较大，有些项目取前五名，得分顺序为7，5，3，2，1；有些项目取前三名，得分顺序为5，3，2。写一个统计程序产生得分报表。基本要求：产生总分报表，内容包括校号、男子团体总分、女子团体总分和团体总分。测试数据：对于n=4，m=3，w=2，编号为奇数的项目取前五名，编号为偶数的项目取前三名，设计一组实例数据。实现提示：可以假设n<=20，m<=30,w<=20,姓名长度不超过20个字符。每个项目结束时，将其编号、类型名（区分前五名还是前三名）输入，并按名次顺序输入运动员姓名、校名。-Games scores of statistical procedures. Problem description : participation in the Games n School No. 1----- n. Competition is divided into men item m and w-woman projects that were No. 1--- and m m m w 1---. Because of the projects vary greatly in the number of participants, some of the items from the top five scores in chronological order 7,5,3,2,1; Some of the items from the top three scores order of flu. Write a statistical procedures scoring statements. The basic requirements : have scores statements, including schools, the men's team scores, the women's team scores and scores groups. Test data : For n = 4, m = 3, w = 2, the odd-numbered items from the top five, even numbered from the top three projects, design examples of a group of data. Implementation Tip : it can be a
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 49152 Publisher : 神龙¤翼
【CSharp】约瑟夫问题的实现 DL : 0: 【问题描述】设有n个人围坐在圆桌周围，现从某个位置m（1≤m≤n）上的人开始报数，报数到k的人就站出来。下一个人，即原来的第k+1个位置上的人，又从1开始报数，再报数到k的人站出来。依此重复下去，直到全部的人都站出来为止。试设计一个程序求出出列序列。这是一个使用循环链表的经典问题。因为要不断地出列，采用链表的存储形式能更好地模拟出列的情况。-[n-- with the individuals sitting around the round table is from a certain location m (1 m n) of people reported the number of reported number of people who have come out. Next individuals, that the original clause k a position who reportedly started from a few, and reported that the number of people who come forward. Accordingly continue to repeat until all of the people come out so far. Test procedures designed sought out a sequence out. This is a use of recycled Chain classic problem. Due to the constant up and be using the storage form of Chain better simulate down.
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 2048 Publisher : zzg
【Other】 bowuguan DL : 0: 世界名画陈列馆由m×n个陈列室组成。为了防止名画被盗，需在陈列室中设置警卫机器人哨位。每个警卫机器人除监视它所在的陈列室为，还可以监视与它所在陈列室相邻的上、下、左、右4个陈列室。试设计一个安排警卫机器人哨位的算法，使得名画陈列馆中每个陈列室都在警卫机器人监视之下，且所用的警卫机器人数最少．-world-famous paintings from the museum m n showroom component. In order to prevent the paintings stolen, the need to set up the showroom security robot sentry post. Each robot security guards in addition to monitoring it to the showroom, and also can monitor it in the showroom adjacent to the upper and lower, right and left four showroom. Design of a test security arrangements for the robot post algorithm makes each painting exhibition hall showroom in security surveillance robot, and used by the guards at least a few robots.
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 2048 Publisher : 张玉妹
【SCM】 CYPRESS_Memtest DL : 0: This directory contains the memtest 8051 firmware for the Anchor Chips EZ-USB chip. The purpose of this software is to test the different memory segments in the Ez-Usb chip. This example will output the string "good" on the 7 segment LED if the mem test passes, or it will output the first address where the memtest fails. -This directory contains the memtest 8051 f irmware Anchor Chips for the EZ-USB chip. The pu rpose of this software is to test the different m emory segments in the Ez-Usb chip. This example the string will output "good" on the LE 7 segment mem D if the test passes. or it will output the first address where the mem test fails.
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 6144 Publisher : szoctavia
【Other】 Scrosspectrum DL : 0: 两序列x(n)和y(n)的交叉谱分析，ol(0:m)频率，tl(0:m)周期，px(0:m)是x(n)的连续功率谱，py(0:m)是y(n)的连续功率谱，pxy(0:m)协谱，qxy(0:m)余谱，rxy(0:m)凝聚谱，cxy(0:m)位相差谱，lxy(0:m)滞后时间长度谱，rxy951(0:m)凝聚谱F-检验的95％置信上限，rxy952(0:m)凝聚谱Goodman-检验的95％置信上限，其中m=[n/2.]。 -two sequences x (n) and y (n) of the cross-spectral analysis, ol (0 : m) frequency, tl (0 : m) cycle, px (0 : m) x (n) of continuous power spectrum, py (0 : m) y (n) of continuous power spectrum, pxy (0 : m) HS spectrum, qxy (0 : m) I spectrum, rxy (0 : m) pool spectrum, cxy (0 : m) at the difference spectrum, lxy (0 : m) time lag length spectrum, rxy951 (0 : m) rally spectrum F-test of 95% confidence limit rxy952 (0 : m) rally spectrum Goodman- examination of the 95% confidence limit, where m = [n/2.] .
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 4096 Publisher : 冯立成
【Speech/Voice recognition/combine】 voice464 DL : 0: 基于dtw算法的语音识别 1 ENFRAME.M和MELBANKM.M取自voicebox工具箱 2 vad.m实现端点检测 3 mfcc.m计算mfcc参数 4 dtw.m实现DTW算法[训练] dtw2.m实现DTW高效算法 5 testdtw.m测试程序-based speech recognition algorithm and a ENFRAME.M MELBANKM.M from v oicebox Toolbox 2 vad.m achieve endpoint detection three mfcc.m mfcc calculation parameters four dt w.m achieve DTW [training] dtw2.m DTW achieve efficient algorithm for measuring 5 testdtw.m test procedures
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 769024 Publisher : q024100404
【Data structs】 lqx100003 DL : 0: 最优合并问题给定K个排好序的序列s1,s2,...,sk,用2 路合并算法将这k个序列合并成一个序列。假设所采用的2路合并算法合并2个长度分另为m 和n的序列需要m+n-1次比较。试设计一个算法确定合并这个序列的最优合并顺序，使所需的总比较次数最少。-optimal merging given K platoons good sequence of sequence s1, s2 ,..., sk. using 2-way merger of this algorithm k sequence into a series. Assumptions used by the two merging algorithm along with two others for the length m and n the sequence needs m n-1 comparisons. Algorithm design a test to determine the sequence of the merger combined the optimal sequence, and allows comparison of the total number at least.
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 2048 Publisher : 卢起雪
【Data structs】 lqx10005 DL : 0: 给定n 个正整数和4 个运算符＋、－、*、/，且运算符无优先级，如2+3*5=25。对于任意给定的整数m，试设计一个算法，用以上给出的n 个数和4 个运算符，产生整数m，且用的运算次数最少给出的n个数中每个数最多只能用1 次，但每种运算符可以任意使用。-given positive integer n and four Operators+,-,*,/, but Operators without precedence, if 2 3* 5 = 25. For any given integer m, design a test algorithm, using the above given number n and four Operators, have integer m, and with the least number of Operational n is the number of each number can only be used up to a meeting, but each Operators can use arbitrary.
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 2048 Publisher : 卢起雪
【Data structs】 mColor DL : 0: 图论：图的M着色问题 GraphM.h GraphOpr.h mColor.cpp mColor.dsp mColor.dsw mColor.h mColor.ncb mColor.opt mColor.plg test test.gph-graph theory : Figure M Coloring GraphM.h GraphOpr.h mColor.cpp mColo r.dsp mColor.dsw mColor.h mColor.ncb mColor. opt mColor.plg test test.gph
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 12288 Publisher : silwol
【matlab】 benchmarks_test_pso DL : 1: 粒子群算法(pso)标准测试函数验证程序。在一个m文件中包括了目前文献中用于验证的7个标准测试函数(Ackley等)、三维动态显示，粒子过分集中时打散等功能。旨在为学习和研究者pso算法的同仁提供一个功能较为完备、简单易懂的标准版本，对于初学者可以通过此程序快速的实现入门，以便将更多的精力投入到深层次的研究中去！同时愿与所有致力于此的朋友共同探讨pso算法的改进与应用方面(如多目标、动态系统等)的经验。-PSO algorithm (PSO) standard test function verification process. M in a document, including the current literature is used to validate the seven standard test function (Ackley), 3D dynamic display, and the over-concentration of particles scatters when the function. Designed for researchers to study and colleagues at the PSO algorithm to provide a more complete functional and easily understood standard version, for beginners through this program to achieve rapid entry. in order to be more energy into depth study! While willing to work with all the friends here to discuss PSO algorithm improvements and applications (such as multi-target, Dynamic systems, etc.) experience.
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 3072 Publisher : jiangsx
【Crack Hack】 300_encrypt DL : 0: 加密算法 Test Driver for Crypto++, a C++ Class Library of Cryptographic Primitives: - To generate an RSA key cryptest g - To encrypt and decrypt a string using RSA cryptest r - To calculate MD5, SHS, and RIPEMD-160 message digests: cryptest m file - To encrypt and decrypt a string using DES-EDE in CBC mode: cryptest t - To encrypt or decrypt a file cryptest e|d input output - To share a file into shadows: cryptest s <pieces> <pieces-needed> file (make sure file has no extension, if you re running this under DOS) - To reconstruct a file from shadows: cryptest j output file1 file2 [....] - To gzip a file: cryptest z <compression-level> input output - To gunzip a file: cryptest u input output - To run validation tests: cryptest v - To run benchmarks: cryptest b [time for each benchmark in seconds] -encryption algorithm Test Driver for Crypto. a Class C Library of spreadsheets Primitives :- To generate an RSA key cryptest g-To encrypt an d decrypt a string using RSA cryptest r-To calcu late MD5, SHS, and RIPEMD algorithms-160 message digests : cryptest m file-To encrypt and decrypt a string using DES-EDE in CBC mode : cryptest t-To encrypt or decrypt a file cryptes t e | d input output- To share a file into shadows : cryptest's
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 389120 Publisher : Nikii
【matlab】 c9_estimatepi DL : 0: ％File: c9_estimatepi.m ％有5个pi的估计，每一个都是基于500次重复随机试验，所得的pi的五个估计值用以下向量表示％pi的估计值=[3.0960 3.0720 2.9920 3.1600 3.0480] ％如果对5个结果进平均，则pi的估计值=3.0736,这样的结果等价于2500次的试验结果。- File: c9_estimatepi.m have 5 pi estimates are based on a randomized trial to repeat 500 times the income of the five estimated value of pi with the following vector, said the estimated value of pi = [3.0960 3.0720 2.9920 3.1600 3.0480] if the results into an average of 5, then the estimated value of pi = 3.0736, so the result is equivalent to 2500 times the test results.
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 1024 Publisher : 吴江华
【Industry research】 NRS4000_cpu DL : 0: 现代先进微处理器有非常高的集成度和复杂度，又有寄存器堆、Cache等嵌入式部件，而且芯片管脚数相对较少，必须要有一定的自测试设计和其它的可测试性设计来简化测试代码，提高故障覆盖率。本文简要讨论NRS4000微处理器芯片的以边界扫描测试为主体，以自测试为补充的可测试性设计框架。着重介绍芯片的边界扫描设计和芯片中译码控制器PLA和微程序ＲＯＭ以及采用内嵌RAM结构的指令Cache和寄存器堆的内建自测试设计。仿真结果表明，这些可测试性设计大大缩短了测试代码的长度。-modern microprocessors have a very high degree of integration and complexity, there Register pile, Cache such as embedded components, but Chip few relatively small, There must be the self-test design and testing of other design code to simplify testing, fault coverage. This paper briefly discussed Key words microprocessor chip to the boundary-scan test as the mainstay, Since the test to add to the test design framework. Highlighting the boundary-scan chip design and chip decoder PLA and micro-controller procedures and the use of embedded ROM RA M structure of the instruction cache and register stack of built-in self-test design. The simulation results show that these tests can greatly shorten the design of the test code length.
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 40960 Publisher : chengp
【Compress-Decompress algrithms】 JPEGcompressencoding DL : 0: 1.JPEG压缩编码的vc++代码 2.使用Run length algorithm Jpeg图像编解码 3.内含有测试用c,rc,h,文件，测试用图像文件，翔实，清晰的代码注释行 -1.JPEG Coding vc code 2. Run length algorith used m Jpeg image codecs 3. contain Test c, rc, h, documentation, testing with image files, informative, Notes clear code OK
Update : 2024-05-19 Size : 34816 Publisher : 方周

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