Introduction - If you have any usage issues, please Google them yourself
Abstract- Although the vast majority of EMV payments are processed without a hitch, there are occasions when the cardholder later repudiates a payment. The cardholder may be adamant that he or she was not present to authorize the transaction, but the issuing bank considers the transaction data and certificate to evidence otherwise because they show that the chip and PIN mechanism had been used to authenticate the cardholder. A solution is proposed that leaves a cryptographic mark on the card’s chip which could help determine whether or not that card was present for the transaction and thereby help adjudication.